Nho ra tu vung lau hon nho “co y dinh nho”

1 Feb 18, 2026

Hau het chung ta deu tung bi the nay: doc mot thu gi do vui, soc, hoac “drama” bang ngoai ngu va nghi “Ok, tu nay chac chan minh nho luon.” Roi 3 ngay sau, bay het. Trong khi do, mot tu binh thuong minh cu yen tam hoc vi “phai hoc” thi lai nho duoc.

Day la y chinh cua “co y dinh nho”: tri nho khong chi phu thuoc vao thu gi khien ban cam thay manh, ma con phu thuoc vao viec ban gan nhan “quan trong” ro rang cho no va tap luyen chu dong.

Mot loat thi nghiem gan day so sanh hai thu trong cung dieu kien: sac thai cam xuc (tu trung tinh so voi tu mang tinh tieu cuc) va chi dan truc tiep “hay nho”. Ket qua on dinh va de hieu: chi can duoc bao “hay nho” thi kha nang nho tang ro rang va deu dan hon so voi chi du cam xuc tieu cuc. Cam xuc co giup mot chut, nhung thuong chi la phan cong them khi tu da duoc “gan nhan nho” trong dau.

Vay voi hoc ngoai ngu thi sao? Nghia la ban khong can ngoi cho cam hung, “wow”, hay noi dung giat gan de hoc. Ban co the xay mot he thong tri nho hoat dong tot ca vao nhung ngay thu Ba chan chan.

Cai bay: “Cam thay manh thi se nho”

Cam xuc co the lam thong tin co ve de nho hon. Van de la “cam thay de nho” khong dong nghia voi “sau nay goi ra duoc”.

Trong hoc ngoai ngu, no thuong hien ra nhu:

  1. Ban gom ca dong tu “chat”, slang, cau nghe cuc ngau, nhung den luc noi thi khong moi ra.
  2. Ban thay tu la “a minh biet”, nhung khi can tu de noi thi khong san xuat duoc.
  3. Ban xem noi dung lien tuc, cam thay tu tin, roi quen phan lon tu vung vi chua he luyen goi ra.

Cam xuc co the la den spotlight, nhung no khong phai la he thong luu tru. Muon tu vung “bam” lau, ban can he thong luu tru do.

“Co y dinh nho” thuc su lam gi

Hay hinh dung “co y dinh nho” nhu mot cay but to sang trong dau kem theo mot ke hoach.

Khi ban tu minh noi ro “minh se nho tu nay”, thuong ban se tu dong lam vai viec co loi:

  1. Tap trung hon ngay luc do.
  2. Giam bi xao nhang va y nghi canh tranh.
  3. Tu nham lai hoac lap lai trong dau.
  4. Xu ly sau hon vi coi no la quan trong.

Noi cach khac, “co y dinh nho” day ban ve phia chu y va kiem soat. Cam xuc co the giat chu y, nhung khong dam bao phan “kiem soat” do.

Voi tu vung, xu ly co kiem soat rat quan trong vi tu rat de nham. Tu gan nghia, cach viet gan giong, am gan giong, tieng me de chen vao, va kieu ao giac “minh da tung thay” luc nao cung co.

Cach nguoi hoc ngoai ngu co the hieu bo thi nghiem

Thi nghiem dung kieu kinh dien “nho hay quen”. Nguoi tham gia thay tu tung tu. Sau moi tu, ho duoc bao:

  1. Nho tu nay.
  2. Quen tu nay.

Sau do, tri nho duoc kiem tra theo hai cach:

  1. Nhan dien: “Tu nay co nam trong danh sach khong?”
  2. Nho tu do: “Viet ra cang nhieu tu ban nho cang tot.”

Mau hinh lap lai o hai nghien cuu: chi dan “nho” giup nho on dinh, con chi “tieu cuc” thi khong tao duoc loi the deu dan nhu vay. Tu tieu cuc co duoc cong nhe, nhung chu yeu khi no nam trong nhom “nho”.

Ap vao hoc tu vung thi rat giong doi that:

  1. Ban gap rat nhieu tu.
  2. Ban khong the giu het.
  3. Tu nao ban chu dong chon va tap thi thuong thang.

Day chinh la hoc co huong, noi don gian the thoi.

Vi sao dieu nay quan trong voi tu vung hon ban tuong

Tu vung khong phai mot ky nang. It nhat no co hai:

  1. Nhan dien: ban hieu tu khi nghe hoac thay.
  2. Goi ra: ban tu tao ra tu khi muon noi hoac viet.

Cam xuc co the giup nhan dien vi khoanh khac do noi bat. Nhung goi ra can hon mot khoanh khac. No can lap lai, va can effort khi goi ra. Day la luc “co y dinh nho” tro nen thuc dung: no day ban vao kieu luyen tap tao ra duoc tu.

Neu muc tieu cua ban la “hieu phim”, nhan dien la qua on. Neu muc tieu la “noi ma khong bi dung hinh”, goi ra moi la phan ton cong.

Loi sai lon nhat: nham lan quen thuoc voi tri nho

Mot “mini drama” rat thuong gap:

Ban thay tu trong ngu canh va cam thay quen. Ban nghi “Tu nay minh biet.” Roi ai do bao ban dat cau, va nao ban hien loading.

Do la vi quen thuoc khong phai la goi ra. No chi la tin hieu yeu: “minh da tung thay”. “Co y dinh nho” manh hon: “minh se dung duoc”.

Muon chuyen tu “quen mat” sang “dung duoc”, ban can luyen theo cach bat buoc nao phai goi ra.

Bien “co y dinh” thanh thoi quen don gian

“Co y dinh” nghe co ve tru tuong, nhung chi can gan vao hanh vi. Duoi day la cach thuc te, khong can bien doi song thanh phim ve nang suat.

Chon it tu hon, nhung chon co chu dich

Neu giu tat ca, ban se nho chua duoc gi. Hay chon nho va ro rang.

  1. Chon 5 den 15 tu hoac cum cho hom nay.
  2. Chon nhung cai ban thuc su se dung trong tuan nay.
  3. Neu duoc, uu tien cum tu hon tu le (de bam hon vi co khung).

Nao ban thich uu tien ro. “Cai gi cung quan trong” cung giong “khong co gi quan trong”.

Tao mot nghi thuc “se nho” rat nho

Truoc khi hoc, hay noi (noi nho cung duoc): “Day la nhung tu hom nay minh se nho.”

Nghe hoi ngo nghenh, nhung no dung y het thi nghiem: gan nhan ro rang cho nao.

Giu no ngan gon:

  1. Nhìn danh sach nho.
  2. Quyết dinh: “Minh se nho nhung tu nay.”
  3. Vao luyen tap luon.

Dung goi ra chu dong, dung chi doc lai

Neu chi doc lai, ban chi luyen nhan dien. Ban can goi ra.

Thu the nay:

  1. Nhìn nghia bang tieng me de.
  2. Dung lai.
  3. Noi tu bang ngon ngu dich.
  4. Roi moi kiem tra.

Khoang dung do la cai chinh. No la effort giup tang luc goi ra.

Them lap lai giãn cach, neu khong nao se xep vao “tam thoi”

Mot lan hoc dam va nhieu cam thay rat “da”, vi ban thay tien bo nhanh. Nhung tri nho muon on dinh thi can gian cach.

Gian cach don gian la lap lai cung tu vao luc sau, khi no bat dau kho hon mot chut.

Neu khong gian cach, nao se hoc rang: “Cai nay chi can luc nay thoi.”

Luyen ca hai chieu

Doi that khong chay mot chieu.

  1. Neu chi luyen tu ngon ngu dich sang tieng me de, ban manh nhan dien.
  2. Neu luyen ca tieng me de sang ngon ngu dich, ban luyen goi ra.

Chieu thu hai la noi bat nguon tu tin khi noi.

Mot bai tap “tam thoi khong hoc” de giam qua tai

Ban co the mo phong logic “nho hay quen” tai nha. Cuc ky hop ly de giam bi ngop.

Lam nhu sau voi danh sach khoang 20 tu moi:

  1. Danh 10 tu la Se nho.
  2. Danh 10 tu la Chua can.

Roi hom nay chi hoc nhom Se nho.

Chi tiet quan trong: “Chua can” khong phai “khong bao gio”. No la “hom nay minh khong cap ngan sach tri nho cho no”.

No giup hai viec:

  1. Giam nhieu (it nham giua tu giong nhau).
  2. Giam met moi vi phai quyet dinh va cam giac toi loi.

Nao rat thich ranh gioi ro rang.

Cam xuc co ich o dau, va dung sao cho dung

Cam xuc khong vo dung. No chi khong phai dong co chinh.

Dung cam xuc nhu bo nhan, khong phai chien luoc.

Tao mot vi du “song”, roi van phai luyen goi ra

Neu tu co mau cam xuc (hai, so, cuc ky bat ngo), hay tao mot cau vi du song dong. Cho no ca nhan hoa hoac sieu phi ly mot chut cung duoc.

Roi van lam phan “chan”:

  1. Goi tu tu nghia.
  2. Goi tu trong cau cua ban.
  3. Goi lai ngay mai.

Cam xuc giup ghi lan dau manh hon. Gian cach va goi ra moi lam no ben.

Dung coi tu “tieu cuc” la duong tat

Tu tieu cuc co the co ve de bam vi no giat chu y. Nhung neu ban khong luyen goi ra, ban van chua “so huu” no.

Hon nua, cam xuc tieu cuc co the lam lech ky uc. Trong thi nghiem, mot so chi so lien quan den giac ngu co lien he voi viec nho nham cac tu “bay” tieu cuc. Voi nguoi hoc, ban thuong thay no qua viec nho nham cach dung, tron tu gan nghia, hoac tu tin dung mot tu gan dung nhung sai nhe.

Nen cu thuong thuc noi dung cam xuc, nhung dung thay no thay the cho luyen tap.

Ngu va hoc: rut ra gi ma khong can overthink

Trong thi nghiem, so sanh “ngu hay thuc qua 12 gio” khong thay loi the lon ve tong the. Dong thoi, mot vai dac diem giac ngu co lien he voi thu nguoi ta nho va voi mot so loi.

Voi nguoi hoc ngoai ngu, ket luan thuc te hoi “nham chan” nhung dung:

  1. Ngu giup hoc tot hon, nhung no khong cuu duoc mot cach hoc sai.
  2. Muon goi ra, ban van phai luyen goi ra.
  3. Neu ban kiet suc, ban se luyen goi ra kem hon, va chu y (thu ma “co y dinh” dua vao) se yeu di.

Hay coi giac ngu la cot chong, khong phai phep mau.

Loi thuong gap khi hoc “co y dinh”

Loi 1: Dat y dinh mot lan, roi quay ve hoc thu dong

Ban tu noi “minh se nho”, roi ban doc lai hoac luot noi dung. The khong phai y dinh, do la hy vong.

  1. Cach sua: y dinh phai di kem hanh vi, va hanh vi la goi ra chu dong.

Loi 2: Qua nhieu tu mot luc

Y dinh se chet khi ban nhan qua tai. Danh sach 60 tu se lam ban khong con quan tam tu nao.

  1. Cach sua: gioi han danh sach. Thang nho lap lai moi ngay an dut ke hoach anh hung.

Loi 3: Chi luyen chieu “de chiu”

Nguoi hoc hay tranh chieu tieng me de sang ngon ngu dich vi kho.

  1. Cach sua: lam ca hai chieu, du chi 2 phut cho chieu kho.

Loi 4: Lay cam xuc lam bo loc quan trong

Neu chi hoc tu nghe hay ho, tu vung cua ban se lech: nhieu “drama”, it tu dung hang ngay.

  1. Cach sua: chon theo do huu dung, roi neu muon thi them cam xuc bang vi du.

Ke hoach 15 phut cho hom nay

Neu ban muon cai gi cu the, thu lam 1 lan la se thay khac.

  1. Buoc 1: Chon 10 muc Se nho (2 phut)
  2. Buoc 2: Luot dau voi am thanh va nghia (5 phut)
  3. Buoc 3: Luot goi ra (5 phut)
  4. Buoc 4: Kiem tra nhanh hai chieu (3 phut)

Giu nhe nhang. Deu dan an dut cuong do.

Giu thoi quen ma khong can dua vao y chi

Muc dich cua y dinh khong phai de ban thanh “nguoi tu hanh tap trung”. Muc dich la giam tinh ngau nhien.

Hai quy tac thuc dung:

  1. Lam khoi dong tu dong: cung gio, cung cho, cung mot nghi thuc nho.
  2. Lam danh sach du nho de ban van xong duoc ngay ca khi met.

Neu ban xong duoc, ban se quay lai. Neu khong xong noi, ban se tranh. Tri nho thich lap lai. Dong luc thi luc co luc khong.

Thu ap dung voi My Lingua Cards

Neu ban muon ap dung “co y dinh nho” moi ngay theo cach de nhat, My Lingua Cards duoc thiet ke de lam dung dieu do: flashcards thong minh voi spaced repetition, am thanh, va vi du de ban luyen goi ra thay vi chi nhan dien. Ban cung co the luyen ca hai chieu (target language to native va nguoc lai) de chuyen tu “minh da tung thay” sang “minh noi duoc”. Hay them nhung tu trong bai nay vao thoi quen cua ban va thu My Lingua Cards trong thoi gian dung thu mien phi de cam nhan viec goi ra chu dong dan dan tro nen tu nhien.

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Nho ra tu vung lau hon nho “co y dinh nho”

Enjoying this article?

Turn what you’ve just learnt into real progress with My Lingua Cards. Create a free account and get your first month on us – no payment needed. Practise with smart flashcards, review tricky words from this article, and explore the platform at your own pace.

If you decide to subscribe later, you’ll unlock all features and extra word sets.